Yes, there is schooling. But school is just school - it's only the first step to mastering a profession.
In the US, you cannot be on your own unless you have a license. And part of getting a license is working for long enough under a licensed professional, so you can learn the things you can't really learn in school. School gets you part of the way; it then typically takes an additional 4-10 years of actual work experience before you can become licensed.
I am not a licensed Surveyor myself. I have passed the first exam, and am called a licensed "Surveyor In Training", but I could not legally open my own practice until I have my full license. I need about another year of experience, then I will be allowed to take the exam. Once I pass that, I will finally be licensed.