DataShortcuts and DataReferences have not been exposed in either .NET or COM API's.
Nope... But, I suspect it *might* be possible (I haven't tested for myself) by modifying the external XML files, and then invoke REFRESHSHORTCUTNODE Command, no?
My comments stems from some research I was doing into a pseudo-named 'CREATEDATASHORTCUTSAUTO' custom system variable that, when enabled, would allow user to mitigate the 'drawing has not been saved yet' dialog... Problem there was, that my app worked just fine when user invoked the command, but the development team loves to have their ContextMenuExtension's MenuItem's Click Event call the Method the CommandMethod is attributed to, rather than lock the Document, and call the Command (which inherently precludes any ability to Veto() the Command as there is no DocumentLockModeChanged Event raised, etc. Grrr).
So, anyway - perhaps this is worth looking into for the OP (my earlier comment)? *not sure*
Cheers