AutoLISP is the AutoCAD incarnation of the lisp language developed as an intelligence language for robotics. It has been around for as long as I can remember.. I have been using AutoCAD since R10 ...
Vlisp aka Visual Lisp, is a recent addition to the lisp language structure for AutoCAD. Visual lisp has the added advantage of being able to include the type libraries of other programs and being able to interact seamlessly with programs that have type libraries. The Vlisp commands you will find hidden in AutoCAD (since R2000) are essentially the VBA commands exposed to the lisp environment, plus a few extras for good measure. Programmers often refer to the interfaces as ActiveX or COM. The neat thing is that just about anything you can code in VBA, you can code in Vlisp and operate on the programming using concepts such as objects, properties and methods.
For programming that does not support VBA, you may still be able to interact with them by importing functions exposed in their dlls. This can be a very tricky proposition, but it works beautifully once you understand the structure of the objects, methods, and properties.
I hope this gives you a little insight into the differences and if we can help, feel free to ask.